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乘法的邏輯推理範例
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數字推理
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一元方程式
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推論的限制
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充分條件與必要條件的關聯性
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以「動名詞」或「不定詞」表被動語態
作者:陳雲飛&許文達&夏進下列動詞看似主動,但其實含有被動的意義:
1.be worth+V-ing(值得…)
2.need/want/require+V-ing(需要…)
The book is worth reading.
=The book is worthy to be read.
=The book is worthy of being read.(這本書值得一讀。)
My car needs checking.
=My car needs to be checked.(我的車子需要檢查。)
用其他介系詞代替by
在被動語態中,表示行為者的介系詞,通常用by;
但有些動詞不用by而要用其他的介系詞(如to, in, at, with…)。
be |
動詞的過去分詞 |
介詞 |
||||
be |
acquainted (認識) covered (覆蓋) satisfied (滿意) |
with |
||||
be |
amazed (驚訝) astonished (吃驚) surprised (驚訝) shocked (震驚) disappointed (失望) |
at |
||||
be |
interested (感興趣) engaged (從事於) |
in |
||||
be |
devoted (獻身於) known (為~所知) engaged (與…訂婚) |
to |
例:
1. The mountain is covered with snow.(山被雪所覆蓋。)
2. I was surprised at the news.(這消息使我吃驚。)
3. He is interested in art.(他對美術感興趣。)
假設句
一、與現在事實相反的假設
(一)連接詞:If
(二)條件子句
主詞 +
1.were
2.過去式V
3.過去式助動詞 + 原形V
(三)主要子句
主詞 + should/would/could/might + 原形V
例:
1.If he were rich, he would buy the bank.
(他若是有錢,他會買這間銀行。)
2.If I had time, I would study French.
(我若有時間,就要學法文。)
3.If I could fly, I would fly to London.
(我若能飛,我要飛去倫敦。)
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